does ten plus nineteenplus eighteen eqaul sixtyfour

Implanted motor system neuroprostheses can be effective at increasing personal mobility of persons paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. For the perturbation methods used here, the ST perturbations were more destabilising than the CP perturbations (leading to a more rapid rise in perturbatory ankle-torque and greater centre-of-mass motion prior to the onset of the postural reaction), and were consequently more effective in revealing age-related deficiencies. Perturbation waveform appeared to be a more important factor. Although age-group effects were almost always more pronounced for ST perturbations, the direction of the effect was always the same for both perturbation methods hence, the perturbation-dependent differences in mechanical and sensory stimuli did not seem to be a critical factor. Age-related differences in the pattern and spatio-temporal features of the limb movements were examined for stepping and grasping reactions evoked by antero-posterior perturbation of stance, as well as stepping reactions evoked by lateral perturbations delivered while subjects walked 'in-place'.

For each perturbation method, effects of aging on the change-in-support reactions were established by comparing 10 young (22-28 years) and 30 older (64-79 years) adults, using large unpredictable multi-directional perturbations similar to those used in previous studies showing age-related differences. This study compared two commonly used perturbation methods: weight-drop cable-pulls (CPs) and motor-driven surface-translations (STs). differences in perturbation predictability). The discrepancies could be due to the different mechanical and sensory stimuli provided by the different perturbation methods, but could also be due to other confounding factors (e.g. Studies investigating age-related impairments in these reactions using differing perturbation methods have shown contradictory results.

Rapid 'change-in-support' (stepping or grasping) balance-recovery reactions play a critical role in preventing falls.

Does ten plus nineteenplus eighteen eqaul sixtyfour